The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.